{"id":144,"date":"2026-07-08T08:43:38","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T08:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/?p=144"},"modified":"2026-07-08T08:43:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T08:43:38","slug":"what-is-a-three-phase-induction-motor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/what-is-a-three-phase-induction-motor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd induk\u010dn\u00fd motor"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n
K\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Ever-Power \u00b7 Technick\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka<\/div>\n

\u010co je trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd induk\u010dn\u00fd motor?
\nKompletn\u00fd in\u017einiersky sprievodca<\/span><\/h1>\n

Trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd induk\u010dn\u00fd motor premie\u0148a trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd striedav\u00fd elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad na rota\u010dn\u00fa mechanick\u00fa energiu prostredn\u00edctvom elektromagnetickej indukcie bez fyzick\u00e9ho kontaktu medzi rotorom a statorom. Je to najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00ed elektromotor v priemyseln\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch na celom svete, ktor\u00fd predstavuje viac ako 85 percent v\u0161etk\u00fdch motorov in\u0161talovan\u00fdch v tov\u00e1r\u0148ach, spracovate\u013esk\u00fdch z\u00e1vodoch a komer\u010dn\u00fdch zariadeniach.<\/p>\n

Princ\u00edp indukcie striedav\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu<\/span>
\nRotor s klietkou na veveri\u010dku<\/span>
\nVe\u013ekosti r\u00e1mov IEC<\/span>
\n\u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 IE2 \/ IE3 \/ IE4<\/span>
\nStupne ochrany IP<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n
85%+<\/div>\n
Podiel priemyseln\u00fdch motorov<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u017diadne kefy<\/div>\n
Nulov\u00fd kontakt medzi rotorom a nap\u00e1jan\u00edm<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
0,18 \u2013 250 kW<\/div>\n
\u0160tandardn\u00fd rozsah v\u00fdkonu IEC<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
50 Hz \/ 60 Hz<\/div>\n
Kompatibilita dod\u00e1vok na celom svete<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
20 \u2013 30 rokov<\/div>\n
Typick\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd<\/p>\n
Trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor s\u00e9rie Ever-Power Y2 od spolo\u010dnosti Korea \u2013 statorov\u00e9 vinutie a rotor s klietkou nakr\u00e1tko s\u00fa dve hlavn\u00e9 komponenty zodpovedn\u00e9 za elektromagnetick\u00fa indukciu a generovanie kr\u00fatiaceho momentu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
Obsah<\/div>\n
1. Ako funguje trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd induk\u010dn\u00fd motor<\/a>
\n2. Hlavn\u00e9 komponenty a ich funkcie<\/a>
\n3. Typy rotorov s klietkou na veveri\u010dku vs. rotorov s vinut\u00fdm rotorom<\/a>
\n4. Vysvetlenie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a>
\n5. Triedy \u00fa\u010dinnosti: IE1, IE2, IE3, IE4<\/a>
\n6. Hodnotenia IP a triedy izol\u00e1cie<\/a>
\n7. Typick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie pod\u013ea odvetvia<\/a>
\n8. \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

1. Ako funguje trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd induk\u010dn\u00fd motor<\/h2>\n

Trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor pracuje na princ\u00edpe, ktor\u00fd objavil Nikola Tesla v roku 1887: ke\u010f sa na tri sady statorov\u00fdch vinut\u00ed usporiadan\u00fdch okolo valcov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mu prived\u00fa tri s\u00ednusov\u00e9 striedav\u00e9 nap\u00e4tia oddelen\u00e9 120 stup\u0148ami, vytvoria sa vo vn\u00fatri motora rotuj\u00face magnetick\u00e9 pole. Toto rotuj\u00face pole sa ot\u00e1\u010da synchr\u00f3nnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 sa rovn\u00e1 60-n\u00e1sobku nap\u00e1jacej frekvencie delenej po\u010dtom p\u00f3lov\u00fdch p\u00e1rov (napr\u00edklad pri 50 Hz s 2 p\u00f3lmi: 3 000 ot.\/min; so 4 p\u00f3lmi: 1 500 ot.\/min).<\/p>\n

Rotuj\u00face magnetick\u00e9 pole pret\u00edna vodi\u010de rotora. Preto\u017ee vodi\u010de rotora s\u00fa uzavret\u00e9 obvody (skratovan\u00e9 ty\u010de v kon\u0161trukcii s klietkou nakr\u00e1tko), meniaci sa magnetick\u00fd tok v nich indukuje nap\u00e4tie pod\u013ea Faradayovho z\u00e1kona elektromagnetickej indukcie. Toto indukovan\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie poh\u00e1\u0148a pr\u00fady cez ty\u010de rotora. Tieto rotorov\u00e9 pr\u00fady interaguj\u00fa s rotuj\u00facim magnetick\u00fdm po\u013eom a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa silu na vodi\u010de rotora, a rotor sa za\u010dne ot\u00e1\u010da\u0165 v smere po\u013ea \u2013 ale v\u017edy o nie\u010do pomal\u0161ie ako synchr\u00f3nna r\u00fdchlos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Tento rozdiel r\u00fdchlosti medzi synchr\u00f3nnym po\u013eom a skuto\u010dnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou rotora sa naz\u00fdva \u0161mykn\u00fa\u0165 sa<\/strong>\u0160myk je nevyhnutn\u00fd: ak by rotor be\u017eal presne synchr\u00f3nnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, nedoch\u00e1dzalo by k \u017eiadnemu relat\u00edvnemu pohybu medzi vodi\u010dmi po\u013ea a rotora, \u017eiadnemu indukovan\u00e9mu nap\u00e4tiu, \u017eiadnemu rotorov\u00e9mu pr\u00fadu ani k \u017eiadnemu kr\u00fatiacemu momentu. Pri plnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed sa typick\u00e9 hodnoty smyku pre priemyseln\u00e9 trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 asynchr\u00f3nne motory s klietkou nakr\u00e1tko pohybuj\u00fa od 1 do 5 percent.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd vzorec<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Synchr\u00f3nna r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/div>\n
Ns = (120 \u00d7 f) \u00f7 P<\/div>\n
f = frekvencia (Hz), P = po\u010det p\u00f3lov<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0160myk<\/div>\n
s = (Ns \u2212 Nr) \u00f7 Ns<\/div>\n
Nr = skuto\u010dn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 rotora (ot.\/min.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Kr\u00fatiaci moment hriade\u013ea<\/div>\n
T = 9550 \u00d7 P(kW) \u00f7 n(ot.\/min.)<\/div>\n
P = v\u00fdkon na hriadeli, n = ot\u00e1\u010dky na hriadeli<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kr\u00e1sa tejto kon\u0161trukcie spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee medzi statorov\u00fdm nap\u00e1jan\u00edm a rotorom nie je \u017eiadne elektrick\u00e9 spojenie. Energia sa pren\u00e1\u0161a v\u00fdlu\u010dne magnetickou indukciou cez vzduchov\u00fa medzeru 0,2 a\u017e 0,5 mm. T\u00fdm sa eliminuj\u00fa kefy, zbern\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017eky a komut\u00e1tory, v\u010faka \u010domu je trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor s klietkou nakr\u00e1tko najjednoduch\u0161\u00edm a najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00edm rota\u010dn\u00fdm strojom v priemyselnom pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

2. Hlavn\u00e9 komponenty a ich funkcie<\/h2>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor m\u00e1 rovnak\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fa architekt\u00faru bez oh\u013eadu na v\u00fdkon alebo v\u00fdrobcu. Pochopenie funkcie ka\u017edej s\u00fa\u010dasti pom\u00e1ha pri v\u00fdbere motora, in\u0161tal\u00e1cii, rie\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mov a pl\u00e1novan\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby.<\/p>\n

\"Met\u00f3dy<\/p>\n

\n
\n
Stator<\/div>\n

Stacion\u00e1rna vonkaj\u0161ia zostava. Pozost\u00e1va z laminovan\u00e9ho krem\u00edkov\u00e9ho oce\u013eov\u00e9ho jadra zabalen\u00e9ho do r\u00e1mu motora s tromi sadami meden\u00fdch vinut\u00ed vlo\u017een\u00fdch do dr\u00e1\u017eok po vn\u00fatornom obvode. Trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie je pripojen\u00e9 k t\u00fdmto vinutiam a vytv\u00e1ra rotuj\u00face magnetick\u00e9 pole. Lamely statora zni\u017euj\u00fa straty v\u00edriv\u00fdmi pr\u00fadmi; ten\u0161ie lamely znamenaj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161ie straty v \u017eeleze a vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Rotor<\/div>\n

Rotuj\u00faca vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 zostava. V motore s klietkou nakr\u00e1tko je jadro rotora tie\u017e tvoren\u00e9 laminovanou krem\u00edkovou oce\u013eou s hlin\u00edkov\u00fdmi alebo meden\u00fdmi ty\u010dami odliatymi alebo vlo\u017een\u00fdmi do dr\u00e1\u017eok rotora. Ty\u010de s\u00fa na oboch koncoch skratovan\u00e9 vodiv\u00fdmi koncov\u00fdmi kr\u00fa\u017ekami, \u010d\u00edm vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa tvar klietky. Hriade\u013e rotora pren\u00e1\u0161a mechanick\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment na poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e. Nie je potrebn\u00e9 \u017eiadne extern\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pripojenie k rotoru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
R\u00e1m a koncov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty<\/div>\n

Liatinov\u00fd alebo hlin\u00edkov\u00fd r\u00e1m sl\u00fa\u017ei na ulo\u017eenie statora a poskytuje \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu oporu, odvod tepla cez vonkaj\u0161ie chladiace rebr\u00e1 a ochranu vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch vinut\u00ed. Koncov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty (koncov\u00e9 dosky) uzatv\u00e1raj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fd koniec r\u00e1mu a nes\u00fa lo\u017eisk\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 podopieraj\u00fa hriade\u013e rotora. Rozmery r\u00e1mu zodpovedaj\u00fa norm\u00e1m IEC 72-1, tak\u017ee motory od r\u00f4znych v\u00fdrobcov s\u00fa mechanicky zamenite\u013en\u00e9 s rovnak\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm r\u00e1mu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Lo\u017eisk\u00e1<\/div>\n

Lo\u017eisk\u00e1 podopieraj\u00fa hriade\u013e rotora a udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa presn\u00fa vzduchov\u00fa medzeru medzi rotorom a statorom. Pre r\u00e1my do 250 mm s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 s hlbokou dr\u00e1\u017ekou. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie r\u00e1my pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu valiv\u00e9ho lo\u017eiska na hnacej strane (na zvl\u00e1dnutie radi\u00e1lneho za\u0165a\u017eenia z reme\u0148ov\u00fdch alebo re\u0165azov\u00fdch pohonov) a gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9ho lo\u017eiska na nepoh\u00e1\u0148anej strane. \u017divotnos\u0165 lo\u017eiska je zvy\u010dajne 20 000 a\u017e 30 000 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch hod\u00edn pri menovitom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed a norm\u00e1lnej okolitej teplote.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Chladiaci ventil\u00e1tor a kryt<\/div>\n

Na nepoh\u00e1\u0148anom konci hriade\u013ea je vo vn\u00fatri krytu ventil\u00e1tora s otvormi pre vstup a v\u00fdstup vzduchu namontovan\u00fd plastov\u00fd alebo kovov\u00fd ventil\u00e1tor. Po\u010das chodu motora ventil\u00e1tor nas\u00e1va chladiaci vzduch cez vonkaj\u0161ie rebr\u00e1 r\u00e1mu a odv\u00e1dza teplo generovan\u00e9 stratami v medi vinutia a stratami v \u017eeleze jadra. Toto usporiadanie IC411 (\u00faplne uzavret\u00e9 chladenie ventil\u00e1torom) je glob\u00e1lnym \u0161tandardom pre priemyseln\u00e9 trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 asynchr\u00f3nne motory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Svorkovnica<\/div>\n

Liata skrinka na vrchu alebo ved\u013ea r\u00e1mu motora, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje svorkovnicu na pripojenie nap\u00e1jac\u00edch k\u00e1blov. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 asynchr\u00f3nne motory maj\u00fa \u0161es\u0165 svoriek (U1, V1, W1, U2, V2, W2), ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zapojenie do hviezdy alebo trojuholn\u00edka. Polohu svorkovnice je zvy\u010dajne mo\u017en\u00e9 oto\u010di\u0165 do \u0161tyroch pol\u00f4h (hore, v\u013eavo, vpravo, oproti pohonu), aby vyhovovala smeru vstupu k\u00e1blov. Krytie svorkovnice sa zhoduje alebo prekra\u010duje krytie r\u00e1mu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

3. Typy rotorov s klietkou na veveri\u010dku vs. rotorov s vinut\u00fdm rotorom<\/h2>\n

Trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 motory sa dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa s dvoma konfigur\u00e1ciami rotora. V\u00fdber medzi nimi z\u00e1vis\u00ed od po\u017eiadaviek na \u0161tartovanie, potrieb regul\u00e1cie ot\u00e1\u010dok a charakterist\u00edk z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nehnute\u013enos\u0165<\/th>\nRotor s klietkou na veveri\u010dku<\/th>\nVinut\u00fd rotor (s klzn\u00fdm kr\u00fa\u017ekom)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Kon\u0161trukcia rotora<\/td>\nHlin\u00edkov\u00e9 alebo meden\u00e9 ty\u010de, skratovan\u00e9 koncov\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017eky<\/td>\nTrojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 vinut\u00e9 cievky, pripojen\u00e9 cez zbern\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017eky k extern\u00e9mu odporu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160tartovac\u00ed pr\u00fad<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 (5\u20138 \u00d7 menovit\u00fd pr\u00fad pri priamom \u0161tarte)<\/td>\nZn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd (extern\u00fd odpor obmedzuje n\u00e1razov\u00fd pr\u00fad)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160tartovac\u00ed kr\u00fatiaci moment<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd (1,8\u20133,0 \u00d7 menovit\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment)<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00faci (a\u017e 2,5\u20133,5 \u00d7 menovit\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment s pln\u00fdm vonkaj\u0161\u00edm odporom)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ovl\u00e1danie r\u00fdchlosti<\/td>\nVy\u017eaduje frekven\u010dn\u00fd meni\u010d (VFD) pre variabiln\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/td>\nObmedzen\u00fd rozsah ot\u00e1\u010dok v d\u00f4sledku odporu vonkaj\u0161ieho rotora (neefekt\u00edvne)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00dadr\u017eba<\/td>\nMinim\u00e1lne (iba lo\u017eisk\u00e1)<\/td>\nBe\u017en\u00e9 (kefy, zbern\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017eky, extern\u00e9 odporov\u00e9 panely)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cena<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ia (motor + extern\u00e9 odporov\u00e9 zariadenie)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Typick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie<\/td>\n\u010cerpadl\u00e1, ventil\u00e1tory, kompresory, dopravn\u00edky \u2013 preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina priemyseln\u00fdch pohonov<\/td>\nVe\u013ek\u00e9 \u017eeriavy, kladkostroje, mlyny s vysokou zotrva\u010dnos\u0165ou (star\u0161ie aplik\u00e1cie)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Pozn\u00e1mka z odvetvia: Motory s vinut\u00fdm rotorom boli v modern\u00fdch in\u0161tal\u00e1ci\u00e1ch do zna\u010dnej miery nahraden\u00e9 motormi s kotvou nakr\u00e1tko sp\u00e1rovan\u00fdmi s frekven\u010dn\u00fdmi meni\u010dmi (VFD). VFD poskytuj\u00fa presnej\u0161iu regul\u00e1ciu ot\u00e1\u010dok, lep\u0161iu energetick\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1roky na \u00fadr\u017ebu ako odporov\u00e9 \u0161tart\u00e9ry s vinut\u00fdm rotorom. Nov\u00e9 in\u0161tal\u00e1cie typov s vinut\u00fdm rotorom s\u00fa zriedkav\u00e9 okrem situ\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00fdmeny star\u0161\u00edch modelov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"o<\/p>\n

\n

4. Vysvetlenie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd typov\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtok motora obsahuje s\u00fabor menovit\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, ktor\u00e9 definuj\u00fa norm\u00e1lny prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd bod motora. Tieto hodnoty s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom pre v\u00fdber motora, nastavenie ochrann\u00e9ho rel\u00e9, dimenzovanie k\u00e1blov a v\u00fdpo\u010det n\u00e1kladov na energiu. \u00dapln\u00fd n\u00e1vod na \u010d\u00edtanie t\u00fdchto hodn\u00f4t n\u00e1jdete v sekcia produktov trojf\u00e1zov\u00fdch motorov<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
Menovit\u00fd v\u00fdkon (kW)<\/div>\n

V\u00fdstupn\u00fd v\u00fdkon na hriadeli pri plnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed. Toto je v\u00fdkon, ktor\u00fd motor dod\u00e1va poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9mu zariadeniu, nie elektrick\u00fd v\u00fdkon odoberan\u00fd zo siete. Elektrick\u00fd vstupn\u00fd v\u00fdkon = v\u00fdkon na hriadeli delen\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou. Motor s v\u00fdkonom 15 kW s \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou 92% odober\u00e1 zo siete pri plnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed 16,3 kW.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Menovit\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie (V)<\/div>\n

Nap\u00e1jacie nap\u00e4tie, pri ktorom je motor ur\u010den\u00fd na prev\u00e1dzku. Glob\u00e1lny \u0161tandard nap\u00e1jacieho nap\u00e4tia je 380 V (regi\u00f3ny IEC) alebo 460 V (Severn\u00e1 Amerika). Motory s dvojit\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm (napr. 220 V\/380 V) je mo\u017en\u00e9 zapoji\u0165 do trojuholn\u00edka pre 220 V alebo do hviezdy pre 380 V. Prev\u00e1dzka nad alebo pod menovit\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm o viac ako 5 percent sp\u00f4sobuje prehriatie a zn\u00ed\u017eenie kr\u00fatiaceho momentu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Menovit\u00fd pr\u00fad (A)<\/div>\n

Sie\u0165ov\u00fd pr\u00fad odoberan\u00fd zo siete pri menovitom nap\u00e4t\u00ed a plnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed. T\u00fato hodnotu pou\u017eite na dimenzovanie nap\u00e1jac\u00edch k\u00e1blov, poistiek a ochrann\u00fdch rel\u00e9 motora. \u0160tartovac\u00ed pr\u00fad (Ist) je typicky 5 a\u017e 8-n\u00e1sobok menovit\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu pre motor s kotvou nakr\u00e1tko pri priamom \u0161tarte a trv\u00e1 1 a\u017e 10 sek\u00fand, k\u00fdm motor nedosiahne prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Menovit\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky (ot.\/min.)<\/div>\n

Ot\u00e1\u010dky hriade\u013ea pri plnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa mierne ni\u017e\u0161ie ako synchr\u00f3nne ot\u00e1\u010dky v d\u00f4sledku preklzu. Pri 50 Hz s\u00fa typick\u00e9 menovit\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky: 2-p\u00f3lov\u00fd = 2 900 ot.\/min (synchr\u00f3nne 3 000 ot.\/min), 4-p\u00f3lov\u00fd = 1 450 ot.\/min (synchr\u00f3nne 1 500 ot.\/min), 6-p\u00f3lov\u00fd = 960 ot.\/min (synchr\u00f3nne 1 000 ot.\/min), 8-p\u00f3lov\u00fd = 720 ot.\/min (synchr\u00f3nne 750 ot.\/min). 4-p\u00f3lov\u00fd motor s 1 450 ot.\/min je najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161ou konfigur\u00e1ciou v priemyselnej praxi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 (%)<\/div>\n

V\u00fdstupn\u00fd v\u00fdkon na hriadeli ako percento elektrick\u00e9ho vstupn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu pri plnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed. Modern\u00e9 motory IE3 dosahuj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 88 a\u017e 96 percent v z\u00e1vislosti od menovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, s vy\u0161\u0161ou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch ve\u013ekostiach r\u00e1mu. \u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 prudko kles\u00e1 pod 50 percent za\u0165a\u017eenia, tak\u017ee spr\u00e1vne dimenzovanie motora je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre riadenie n\u00e1kladov na energiu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\u00da\u010dinn\u00edk (cos \u03c6)<\/div>\n

Pomer \u010dinn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu (kW) k zdanliv\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu (kVA). Tieto motory s\u00fa induk\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee s \u00fa\u010dinn\u00edkmi, ktor\u00e9 sa pri plnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed zvy\u010dajne pohybuj\u00fa od 0,75 do 0,90. N\u00edzky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00edk znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u00e1jac\u00ed pr\u00fad pri rovnakom v\u00fdstupnom v\u00fdkone, \u010do zvy\u0161uje straty v k\u00e1bloch a potenci\u00e1lne poplatky za jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Kompenz\u00e1ciu m\u00f4\u017eu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 kondenz\u00e1tory na korekciu \u00fa\u010dinn\u00edka alebo meni\u010de frekvencie s akt\u00edvnym predn\u00fdm koncom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

5. Triedy \u00fa\u010dinnosti: IE1, IE2, IE3, IE4<\/h2>\n

Norma Medzin\u00e1rodnej elektrotechnickej komisie (IEC) 60034-30-1 definuje \u0161tyri triedy \u00fa\u010dinnosti pre jednor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 striedav\u00e9 asynchr\u00f3nne motory. Tieto triedy stanovuj\u00fa minim\u00e1lne \u00farovne \u00fa\u010dinnosti pri menovitom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed, menovitom nap\u00e4t\u00ed a menovitej frekvencii, \u010do u\u013eah\u010duje porovn\u00e1vanie motorov od r\u00f4znych v\u00fdrobcov a overovanie s\u00faladu s predpismi.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Trieda IE<\/th>\nMeno<\/th>\nPr\u00edklad \u00fa\u010dinnosti (4 kW, 4-p\u00f3lov\u00fd)<\/th>\nRegula\u010dn\u00fd stav<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
IE1<\/td>\n\u0160tandardn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165<\/td>\n~82.6%<\/td>\nU\u017e nie je povolen\u00e9 v E\u00da \/ na mnoh\u00fdch trhoch pre predaj nov\u00fdch motorov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IE2<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165<\/td>\n~84.7%<\/td>\nMinim\u00e1lne pre mnoh\u00e9 exportn\u00e9 trhy; pod po\u017eiadavkou IE3 v E\u00da nad 0,75 kW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IE3<\/td>\nPr\u00e9miov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165<\/td>\n~87.0%<\/td>\nPovinn\u00e9 minimum v E\u00da, Spojenom kr\u00e1\u013eovstve a mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch trhoch od roku 2021 (0,75 \u2013 200 kW)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IE4<\/td>\nSuper pr\u00e9miov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165<\/td>\n~89.0%<\/td>\nK dispoz\u00edcii na po\u017eiadanie; v niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch povinn\u00e9 pre \u0161pecifick\u00e9 v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 rozsahy od roku 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Rozdiel v \u00fa\u010dinnosti medzi IE2 a IE3 sa m\u00f4\u017ee v percentu\u00e1lnom vyjadren\u00ed zda\u0165 mal\u00fd, ale kumulat\u00edvna \u00faspora energie po\u010das prev\u00e1dzkovej \u017eivotnosti motora je zna\u010dn\u00e1. Trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor s v\u00fdkonom 15 kW, ktor\u00fd be\u017e\u00ed 4 000 hod\u00edn ro\u010dne pri 90-percentnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed, spotrebuje pribli\u017ene 54 000 kWh\/rok. Rozdiel medzi \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou IE2 (91.0%) a IE3 (92.1%) v tomto prev\u00e1dzkovom bode u\u0161etr\u00ed pribli\u017ene 650 kWh ro\u010dne \u2013 \u010do pri typick\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch sadzb\u00e1ch elektriny (120 a\u017e 180 USD\/MWh) predstavuje 78 a\u017e 117 USD ro\u010dne pre jeden motor.<\/p>\n

Ten\/T\u00e1\/To Motory s frekven\u010dn\u00fdm meni\u010dom (VFD)<\/a> V K\u00f3rei je rad YVF2 od spolo\u010dnosti Ever-Power navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby si zachoval \u00farove\u0148 \u00fa\u010dinnosti IE3 aj pri prev\u00e1dzke v celom frekven\u010dnom rozsahu meni\u010da s frekvenciou. Pou\u017e\u00edva zosilnen\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu, aby odolala prechodov\u00fdm javom PWM, ktor\u00e9 by pri \u010diasto\u010dnej r\u00fdchlosti degradovali \u0161tandardn\u00e9 vinutia motora.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

6. Hodnotenia IP a triedy izol\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n
\n
\n

Triedy ochrany IP (IEC 60529)<\/h3>\n

K\u00f3d IP (ochrana proti vniknutiu) sa sklad\u00e1 z dvoch \u010d\u00edslic. Prv\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslica (0 a\u017e 6) ozna\u010duje ochranu pred pevn\u00fdmi \u010dasticami vr\u00e1tane prachu. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslica (0 a\u017e 9K) ozna\u010duje ochranu pred vniknut\u00edm vody. Vy\u0161\u0161ie \u010d\u00edsla znamenaj\u00fa lep\u0161iu ochranu.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Krytie IP<\/th>\n\u00darove\u0148 ochrany<\/th>\nTypick\u00e9 pou\u017eitie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
IP44<\/td>\nChr\u00e1nen\u00e9 pred \u010dasticami s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou nad 1 mm a striekaj\u00facou vodou z ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek smeru<\/td>\nVn\u00fatorn\u00e9, \u010dist\u00e9 prostredie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IP54<\/td>\nOchrana pred prachom, striekaj\u00faca voda z ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek smeru<\/td>\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina priemyseln\u00fdch prostred\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IP55<\/td>\nOchrana pred prachom, vodn\u00e9 pr\u00fady z ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek smeru<\/td>\nVonkaj\u0161ie alebo mokr\u00e9 procesn\u00e9 priestory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IP65<\/td>\nPrachotesn\u00e9, vodn\u00e9 pr\u00fady z ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek smeru<\/td>\nUm\u00fdvacie priestory, spracovanie potrav\u00edn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IP69K<\/td>\nPrachotesn\u00e9, vysokotlakov\u00e9 hor\u00facovodn\u00e9 trysky (80 barov, 80 \u00b0C)<\/td>\nPotraviny, farmaceutick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a mlie\u010dne v\u00fdrobky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

K\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Ever-Power Motory z nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele s kryt\u00edm IP69K<\/a> (s\u00e9ria BXG) maj\u00fa najvy\u0161\u0161iu triedu ochrany a s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 um\u00fdvanie vysok\u00fdm tlakom v potravin\u00e1rskych a farmaceutick\u00fdch zariadeniach.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Triedy izol\u00e1cie (IEC 60034-1)<\/h3>\n

Trieda izol\u00e1cie definuje maxim\u00e1lnu teplotu, ktor\u00fa izol\u00e1cia vinutia motora dok\u00e1\u017ee nepretr\u017eite odol\u00e1va\u0165 bez degrad\u00e1cie. Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 teplota vinutia je s\u00fa\u010dtom teploty okolia a n\u00e1rastu teploty sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho stratami motora.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Trieda<\/th>\nMaxim\u00e1lna teplota nav\u00edjania<\/th>\nBe\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Trieda B<\/td>\n130 \u00b0C<\/td>\nStar\u0161ie; zriedka pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v nov\u00fdch motoroch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trieda F<\/td>\n155 \u00b0C<\/td>\n\u0160tandard pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu dne\u0161n\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch trojf\u00e1zov\u00fdch motorov. Korea Ever-Power Y2\/YB2\/Y2EJ pou\u017e\u00edva triedu F s limitom n\u00e1rastu teploty triedy B \u2013 poskytuje tepeln\u00fa rezervu 25 K.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trieda H<\/td>\n180 \u00b0C<\/td>\nMotory s um\u00fdvan\u00edm (s\u00e9ria BXG), motory s frekven\u010dn\u00fdm meni\u010dom, in\u0161tal\u00e1cie v tropickom podneb\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trieda C<\/td>\n220 \u00b0C<\/td>\nProstredia s vysokou okolitou teplotou; \u0161pecializovan\u00e1 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0160tandardn\u00fd postup spolo\u010dnosti Ever-Power v K\u00f3rei: Izol\u00e1cia triedy F je dimenzovan\u00e1 na 155 \u00b0C s obmedzen\u00fdm n\u00e1rastom teploty vinutia na 80 K (limit triedy B). To poskytuje tepeln\u00fa rezervu 25 K nad \u0161tandardn\u00fa hodnotu, \u010d\u00edm sa v\u00fdrazne predl\u017euje \u017eivotnos\u0165 izol\u00e1cie za norm\u00e1lnych okolit\u00fdch podmienok.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

7. Typick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie pod\u013ea odvetvia<\/h2>\n

Trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 motory s\u00fa \u0165a\u017en\u00fdm ko\u0148om priemyselnej premeny energie. Ich kombin\u00e1cia jednoduchosti, spo\u013eahlivosti a prisp\u00f4sobivosti ich rob\u00ed vhodn\u00fdmi pre takmer ak\u00e9ko\u013evek rota\u010dn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie vo v\u00fdrobe, spracovan\u00ed a infra\u0161trukt\u00farnych aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Aplik\u00e1cia<\/p>\n
\n
Chemick\u00fd a petrochemick\u00fd priemysel<\/div>\n

Odstrediv\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1, kompresory, mie\u0161adl\u00e1 a pohony mie\u0161a\u010diek predstavuj\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed segment koncov\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia. V klasifikovan\u00fdch oblastiach z\u00f3ny 1 a z\u00f3ny 2 s\u00fa povinn\u00e9 motory v nev\u00fdbu\u0161nom preveden\u00ed (Ex d alebo Ex e). Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Korea Ever-Power Motory s\u00e9rie YB2 odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di v\u00fdbuchu<\/a> pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa 0,55 a\u017e 200 kW s certifik\u00e1ciou Ex d IIB T4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\"Aplik\u00e1cia<\/p>\n
\n
Spracovanie potrav\u00edn a n\u00e1pojov<\/div>\n

Dopravn\u00edkov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, plniace stroje, baliace linky a mie\u0161acie zariadenia vy\u017eaduj\u00fa motory, ktor\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa ka\u017edodenn\u00e9mu um\u00fdvaniu pod vysok\u00fdm tlakom. Trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 motory z nehrdzavej\u00facej ocele s kryt\u00edm IP69K a mazivami potravin\u00e1rskej kvality s\u00fa \u0161tandardom pre pohony v hygienick\u00fdch priestoroch pri v\u00fdrobe m\u00e4sa, mlie\u010dnych v\u00fdrobkov a n\u00e1pojov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\"Trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd<\/p>\n
\n
\u0164a\u017eba a sypk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/div>\n

Dia\u013ekov\u00e9 p\u00e1sov\u00e9 dopravn\u00edky, pohony drvi\u010dov a gu\u013eov\u00fdch mlynov klad\u00fa vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na rozbehov\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment motora a tepeln\u00fa kapacitu. \u0160tandardn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm pre z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee s vysokou zotrva\u010dnos\u0165ou pri spracovan\u00ed nerastov s\u00fa 6-p\u00f3lov\u00e9 a 8-p\u00f3lov\u00e9 motory s vysok\u00fdm kr\u00fatiacim momentom, \u010dasto sp\u00e1rovan\u00e9 so \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00fdmi alebo ku\u017ee\u013eovo-\u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00fdmi prevodovkami.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n
\n
HVAC a technick\u00e9 slu\u017eby budov<\/div>\n

Odstrediv\u00e9 ventil\u00e1tory, obehov\u00e9 \u010derpadl\u00e1, ventil\u00e1tory chladiacich ve\u017e\u00ed a vzduchotechnick\u00e9 jednotky. Motory s premenlivou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a frekven\u010dn\u00fdm meni\u010dom (VFD) u\u0161etria 30 a\u017e 50 percent energie v porovnan\u00ed s prev\u00e1dzkou s pevnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou pri \u010diasto\u010dnom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Textil a tla\u010d<\/div>\n

Nav\u00edjacie stroje, pohony tla\u010diarensk\u00fdch strojov a nap\u00ednacie valce p\u00e1su vy\u017eaduj\u00fa tich\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku a presn\u00fa regul\u00e1ciu ot\u00e1\u010dok, \u010do sa zvy\u010dajne dosahuje pomocou motorov s frekven\u010dn\u00fdm meni\u010dom a striedav\u00fdmi pohonmi, a nie priamym pripojen\u00edm s pevnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Voda a odpadov\u00e1 voda<\/div>\n

Pohony ponorn\u00fdch \u010derpadiel, prevzdu\u0161\u0148ovacie d\u00fachadl\u00e1 a zariadenia na odvod\u0148ovanie kalov. Pre in\u0161tal\u00e1cie \u010derpac\u00edch stan\u00edc vonku alebo pod \u00farov\u0148ou zeme s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 r\u00e1my odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii a vysok\u00e9 krytie IP.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba<\/div>\n

Vreten\u00e1 obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov, hydraulika vstrekovac\u00edch lisov, servosyst\u00e9my robotick\u00fdch zv\u00e1rac\u00edch buniek a pohony lisov. 4-p\u00f3lov\u00fd motor s 1 450 ot.\/min je v\u010faka vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9mu pomeru kr\u00fatiaceho momentu a ve\u013ekosti \u0161tandardnou vo\u013ebou pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu pomocn\u00fdch pohonov obr\u00e1bac\u00edch strojov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"K\u00f3rejsk\u00e1<\/p>\n
V\u00fdrobn\u00e1 linka rotorov<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"R\u00e1my<\/p>\n
CNC obr\u00e1bacie centrum<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"In\u0161pekcia<\/p>\n
Kontrola kvality<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"Certifik\u00e1cie<\/p>\n
Certifik\u00e1cia CE a ISO<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

8. \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
\n
\n
\n
Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi trojf\u00e1zov\u00fdm asynchr\u00f3nnym motorom a synchr\u00f3nnym motorom?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Induk\u010dn\u00fd motor be\u017e\u00ed v\u017edy pod synchr\u00f3nnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou kv\u00f4li sklzu a rotorov\u00fd pr\u00fad je indukovan\u00fd elektromagnetickou indukciou bez extern\u00e9ho budenia rotora. Synchr\u00f3nny motor be\u017e\u00ed presne synchr\u00f3nnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, preto\u017ee rotor je buden\u00fd jednosmern\u00fdm pr\u00fadom (cez zbern\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017eky) alebo permanentn\u00fdmi magnetmi, ktor\u00e9 blokuj\u00fa rotor v rotuj\u00facom statorovom poli. Synchr\u00f3nne motory si udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa kon\u0161tantn\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pri premenlivom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed bez sklzu, v\u010faka \u010domu s\u00fa preferovan\u00e9 pre presn\u00e9 \u010dasovacie pohony. Induk\u010dn\u00e9 motory s\u00fa jednoduch\u0161ie, lacnej\u0161ie a nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u017eiadne budiace nap\u00e1janie rotora, v\u010faka \u010domu s\u00fa \u0161tandardnou vo\u013ebou pre preva\u017en\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu priemyseln\u00fdch pohonov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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M\u00f4\u017ee trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor be\u017ea\u0165 na jednof\u00e1zov\u00fd pr\u00fad?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tento typ motora sa ned\u00e1 spusti\u0165 z jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9ho nap\u00e1jania, preto\u017ee jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie nevytv\u00e1ra rotuj\u00face magnetick\u00e9 pole. Ak trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd motor u\u017e be\u017e\u00ed a strat\u00ed jednu f\u00e1zu (v\u00fdpadok f\u00e1zy), m\u00f4\u017ee pokra\u010dova\u0165 v behu, ale v zost\u00e1vaj\u00facich dvoch f\u00e1zach bude odobera\u0165 nadmern\u00fd pr\u00fad, r\u00fdchlo sa prehreje a zlyh\u00e1. Jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9 meni\u010de na trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 (statick\u00e9 alebo rota\u010dn\u00e9) ho m\u00f4\u017eu nap\u00e1ja\u0165 z jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9ho zdroja, ale straty \u00fa\u010dinnosti a probl\u00e9my s nevyv\u00e1\u017eenos\u0165ou robia z VFD (frekven\u010dn\u00e9ho meni\u010da) preferovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enie tam, kde je k dispoz\u00edcii iba jednof\u00e1zov\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Pre\u010do trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor odober\u00e1 pri \u0161tarte vysok\u00fd pr\u00fad?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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V okamihu \u0161tartu je rotor nehybn\u00fd, tak\u017ee sklz sa rovn\u00e1 100 percent\u00e1m. Stator vn\u00edma rotor v podstate ako skratovan\u00fd sekund\u00e1rny vitok transform\u00e1tora, ktor\u00fd odober\u00e1 n\u00e1razov\u00fd pr\u00fad zablokovan\u00e9ho rotora 5 a\u017e 8-n\u00e1sobku menovit\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu. Ako sa rotor zr\u00fdch\u013euje, zvy\u0161uje sa sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 elektromotorick\u00e1 sila a pr\u00fad kles\u00e1 smerom k menovitej hodnote. Vysok\u00fd \u0161tartovac\u00ed pr\u00fad trv\u00e1 iba tak dlho, ako trv\u00e1 doba zr\u00fdchlenia, zvy\u010dajne 1 a\u017e 10 sek\u00fand v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti motora a zotrva\u010dnosti z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee. Soft\u0161tart\u00e9ry a meni\u010de frekvencie obmedzuj\u00fa \u0161tartovac\u00ed pr\u00fad zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm aplikovan\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia po\u010das zr\u00fdchlenia, ochranou nap\u00e1jac\u00edch k\u00e1blov a zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm poklesov nap\u00e4tia v nap\u00e1jacej sieti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ak\u00fd je vplyv prev\u00e1dzky trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9ho asynchr\u00f3nneho motora pri zn\u00ed\u017eenom nap\u00e4t\u00ed?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kr\u00fatiaci moment motora je \u00famern\u00fd druhej mocnine aplikovan\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia. Pri 90 percent\u00e1ch menovit\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia klesne dostupn\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment na 81 percent menovit\u00e9ho kr\u00fatiaceho momentu. Ak motor poh\u00e1\u0148a z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e s kon\u0161tantn\u00fdm kr\u00fatiacim momentom (dopravn\u00edk, objemov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo) a kr\u00fatiaci moment z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee prekro\u010d\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd dostupn\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment, motor sa zastav\u00ed a r\u00fdchlo sa prehreje. Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie navy\u0161e zvy\u0161uje sklz a rotorov\u00fd pr\u00fad pri rovnakom kr\u00fatiacom momente z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee, \u010d\u00edm sa \u010falej zvy\u0161uje teplota vinutia. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Korea Ever-Power \u0161pecifikuje toleranciu nap\u00e1jacieho nap\u00e4tia menovit\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia plus alebo m\u00ednus 5 percent ako prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd rozsah pre v\u0161etky motory s\u00e9rie Y2. Prev\u00e1dzka mimo tohto rozsahu vy\u017eaduje zn\u00ed\u017eenie v\u00fdkonu alebo \u0161peci\u00e1lny regul\u00e1tor nap\u00e4tia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ako si vyberiem spr\u00e1vnu ve\u013ekos\u0165 r\u00e1mu pre trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Norma IEC 72-1 prira\u010fuje ve\u013ekosti r\u00e1mov na z\u00e1klade v\u00fd\u0161ky hriade\u013ea (vzdialenos\u0165 od z\u00e1kladne motora k osi hriade\u013ea) v milimetroch. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 ve\u013ekosti relevantn\u00e9 pre s\u00e9riu Korea Ever-Power Y2 sa pohybuj\u00fa od 71 mm (pre najmen\u0161ie motory s v\u00fdkonom 0,18 kW) do 315 mm (pre motory do 200 kW). V r\u00e1mci ka\u017edej ve\u013ekosti r\u00e1mu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa r\u00f4zne d\u013a\u017eky (S, M, L) viacero v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed. V\u00fdber ve\u013ekosti r\u00e1mu vypl\u00fdva z v\u00fdkonu a po\u010dtu p\u00f3lov: 4-p\u00f3lov\u00fd motor s v\u00fdkonom 4 kW sa zmest\u00ed do r\u00e1mu 100L; rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdkon pri 2-p\u00f3lovom motore sa zmest\u00ed do men\u0161ieho r\u00e1mu, preto\u017ee motor s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi ot\u00e1\u010dkami produkuje rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdkon pri ni\u017e\u0161om kr\u00fatiacom momente, \u010do vy\u017eaduje menej medi a \u017eeleza. R\u00e1m tie\u017e ur\u010duje priemer hriade\u013ea, d\u013a\u017eku pred\u013a\u017eenia hriade\u013ea, rozstup otvorov pre p\u00e4tku a rozmery pr\u00edruby, ktor\u00e9 musia zodpoveda\u0165 mont\u00e1\u017enemu rozhraniu poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9ho zariadenia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Ak\u00fa \u00fadr\u017ebu vy\u017eaduje trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor s kotvou nakr\u00e1tko?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tento typ motora m\u00e1 ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo opotrebite\u013en\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed. Be\u017en\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba zah\u0155\u0148a: (1) Domazanie lo\u017e\u00edsk v intervaloch 4 000 a\u017e 8 000 hod\u00edn (ve\u013ekosti r\u00e1mov 160 a vy\u0161\u0161ie s mazni\u010dkami; men\u0161ie r\u00e1my pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa utesnen\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 na cel\u00fa dobu \u017eivotnosti); (2) Ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u010distenie vonkaj\u0161\u00edch chladiacich rebier na odstr\u00e1nenie prachu a ne\u010dist\u00f4t, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017euj\u00fa prietok chladiaceho vzduchu; (3) Kontrolu tesnosti pripojen\u00ed svorkovnice a zn\u00e1mok prehriatia v 6-mesa\u010dn\u00fdch intervaloch; (4) Ro\u010dn\u00e9 meranie izola\u010dn\u00e9ho odporu statorov\u00e9ho vinutia, pri\u010dom hodnoty nad 1 M\u03a9 pri 500 V DC nazna\u010duj\u00fa prijate\u013en\u00fd stav vinutia. Porucha lo\u017eiska (z d\u00f4vodu kontamin\u00e1cie, nadmern\u00e9ho mazania alebo prekro\u010denia limitov radi\u00e1lneho za\u0165a\u017eenia) a porucha izol\u00e1cie vinutia (z d\u00f4vodu prehriatia, vlhkosti alebo prechodov\u00fdch nap\u00e4t\u00ed) s\u00fa dva hlavn\u00e9 re\u017eimy poruchy v dobre nain\u0161talovanom a chr\u00e1nenom motore.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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K\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Ever-Power Electric Motor Co., Ltd.<\/div>\n

H\u013ead\u00e1te trojf\u00e1zov\u00fd asynchr\u00f3nny motor pre va\u0161u aplik\u00e1ciu?<\/h2>\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Korea Ever-Power vyr\u00e1ba kompletn\u00fd rad Y2 od 0,18 kW do 200 kW v 2-p\u00f3lov\u00fdch, 4-p\u00f3lov\u00fdch, 6-p\u00f3lov\u00fdch a 8-p\u00f3lov\u00fdch konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch so \u0161tandardn\u00fdm kryt\u00edm IP44 a\u017e IP69K a \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou IE3.<\/p>\n

Zobrazi\u0165 trojf\u00e1zov\u00e9 motory<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Upravil Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Korea Ever-Power \u00b7 Technical Guide What Is a Three-Phase Induction Motor? Complete Engineering Guide A three-phase induction motor converts three-phase AC electrical power into rotational mechanical energy through electromagnetic induction, with no physical contact between rotor and stator. It is the most widely used electric motor in industrial applications worldwide, accounting for more than 85 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industrial-electric-motor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=144"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146,"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144\/revisions\/146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/industrialelectricmotor.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}